Crozier:  known as the pastoral staff is made in 3 segments: the crooks, the pediment and the bottom shaft. It is the senior ecclesiastical insignia that symbolizes the pastoral authority of bishops.

Miter: It is fairly certain that its origins can be traced to ancient Greece and the cap worn by athletes. Its infulae or the ribbons  predate the cap itself.

Pallium: The pallium predates Christ and was used as a garment of warmth in ancient Greece. It is a circular strit of fabric usually wool or linen worn over sacred vestments. The three pins on it are thought to symbolize Jesus' three days in the tomb.

Pectoral Cross: A small cross made of precious metal and worn at the breast by the pope and all cardinals, bishops and abbots. These are handed down from a deceased bishop to his successor. At liturgy it is worn over the alb but under the chasuble.

Ring: The pope uses only one ring, the Fisherman's ring. It has a image of St Peter casting his net into the sea. Its is always gold with the pope's pontifical name near the image of St. Peter. At the end of each pontificate the fisherman's ring is always destroyed before the members of the Sacred College.

Zuchetto: or skull cap. It is not derived from a Jewish Yarmulke. It was introduced to protect the crown of the head bared by tonsure. The Zuchetto is required  of the hierarchy and must be worn under the Miter.